{"id":2689,"date":"2022-08-17T13:12:34","date_gmt":"2022-08-17T19:12:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ijrep.org\/?p=2689"},"modified":"2022-08-17T13:12:58","modified_gmt":"2022-08-17T19:12:58","slug":"sublingual-caffeine-supplementation-and-its-effects-on-physical-performance-measures-in-highly-fit-united-states-military-personnel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ijrep.org\/sublingual-caffeine-supplementation-and-its-effects-on-physical-performance-measures-in-highly-fit-united-states-military-personnel\/","title":{"rendered":"Sublingual Caffeine Supplementation and Its Effects on Physical Performance Measures in Highly Fit United States Military Personnel"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Reginald B. O\u2019Hara<sup>1<\/sup>, William W. Dodson<sup>2<\/sup>. <b>Sublingual Caffeine Supplementation and Its Effects on Physical Performance Measures in Highly Fit United States Military Personnel<\/b>. <sup>1<\/sup>Research Director, Military Performance Laboratory, Brooke Army Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA. <sup>2<\/sup>United States Department of Defense Contractor, Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, NJ, USA.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"fusion-checklist fusion-checklist-5\" style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:25.5px;\">\n<li class=\"fusion-li-item\"><span style=\"background-color:#f09a3e;font-size:13.2px;height:25.5px;width:25.5px;margin-right:10.5px;\" class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-download fas\" style=\"color:#ffffff;\"><\/i><\/span>\n<div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\" style=\"margin-left:36px;\"><div class=\"lana-download-shortcode\"><p><a class=\"btn btn-primary lana-download\" href=\"https:\/\/ijrep.org\/download\/2691\/\" role=\"button\">Download PDF <span class=\"badge\">488<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"fusion-li-item\"><span style=\"background-color:#f09a3e;font-size:13.2px;height:25.5px;width:25.5px;margin-right:10.5px;\" class=\"icon-wrapper circle-yes\"><i class=\"fusion-li-icon fa-download fas\" style=\"color:#ffffff;\"><\/i><\/span>\n<div class=\"fusion-li-item-content\" style=\"margin-left:36px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ijrep.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/lana-downloads\/2022\/03\/ohara.et_.al_.spring.2022.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">View PDF<\/a><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep sep-double sep-dashed\" style=\"border-color: #e7e4e2; border-top-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; margin: 30px auto 30px auto;\"><\/div>\n<h3>Abstract<\/h3>\n<div class=\"abstract\">\n<b>Introduction:<\/b><i> Caffeine <\/i>is a common natural stimulant used to combat sleep deprivation and sustain performance in military personnel operating in extreme environments for extended periods. Although the mechanisms of actions of caffeine are well elucidated in the literature, caffeine-related human performance improvements are variable. The purposes of this study were to explore the effects of moderate doses of sublingual caffeine on physical performance measures and perceptions of fatigue in highly trained military personnel. <b>Methods:<\/b> Eleven highly trained, active-duty military male participants (mean \u00b1 SD: age, height, body mass, and VO<sub>2<\/sub>max = 26.5 \u00b1 5.0 yr, 179.0 \u00b1 8.5 cm, 81.2 \u00b1 10.2 kg, and VO<sub>2<\/sub>max 52.5 \u00b1 5.4 ml\/kg\/min, respectively) participated in this study. Participants consumed 6mg\/kg of body mass of sublingual caffeine or placebo tablets sixty minutes before performing three sets of push-ups and pull-ups to exhaustion. They then completed a ten-mile ruck walk while wearing a forty-pound weighted vest, followed by three more sets of complete push-ups\/pull-ups. Study investigators measured participants&#8217; exercise heart rate response, ratings of perceived exertion, and blood lactate levels during each exercise trial. <b>Results:<\/b> Repeated measures double-blinded placebo was applied in the current study and a linear mixed model (LMM) was employed to determine the mean differences in performance measures among three scenarios (baseline, placebo, treatment). The performance outcomes in the three scenarios showed minor differences in the fixed effects among baseline (<i>p<\/i>=0.3848), placebo (<i>p<\/i>=0.3736), and caffeine (<i>p<\/i>=0.3609). <b>Conclusions:<\/b> Findings from the study indicate there were no differences between sublingual caffeine and placebo effects on performance measures following exhaustive exercise. However, participants reported no adverse side effects of the sublingual caffeine during or following fatiguing muscle exercise. Future research may include using sublingual caffeine administered throughout training while comparing the effects of different doses (e.g., 3mg\/kg, 6mg\/kg) of sublingual caffeine on performance measures in a similar military cohort.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div>Reginald B. O\u2019Hara<sup>1<\/sup>, William W. Dodson<sup>2<\/sup>. <b>Sublingual Caffeine Supplementation and Its Effects on Physical Performance Measures in Highly Fit United States Military Personnel<\/b>. <sup>1<\/sup>Research Director, Military Performance Laboratory, Brooke Army Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA. <sup>2<\/sup>United States Department of Defense Contractor, Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, NJ, USA.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[306],"tags":[308,161,57,309,310],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sublingual Caffeine Supplementation and Its Effects on Physical Performance Measures in Highly Fit United States Military Personnel - IJREP - International Journal of Research in Exercise Physiology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Caffeine\u00a0is a common natural stimulant used to combat sleep deprivation and sustain performance in military personnel operating in extreme environments for extended periods. Although the mechanisms of actions of caffeine are well elucidated in the literature, caffeine-related human performance improvements are variable.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ijrep.org\/sublingual-caffeine-supplementation-and-its-effects-on-physical-performance-measures-in-highly-fit-united-states-military-personnel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sublingual Caffeine Supplementation and Its Effects on Physical Performance Measures in Highly Fit United States Military Personnel - IJREP - International Journal of Research in Exercise Physiology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Caffeine\u00a0is a common natural stimulant used to combat sleep deprivation and sustain performance in military personnel operating in extreme environments for extended periods. Although the mechanisms of actions of caffeine are well elucidated in the literature, caffeine-related human performance improvements are variable.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ijrep.org\/sublingual-caffeine-supplementation-and-its-effects-on-physical-performance-measures-in-highly-fit-united-states-military-personnel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IJREP - International Journal of Research in Exercise Physiology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-08-17T19:12:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-08-17T19:12:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Eberly\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Eberly\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijrep.org\/sublingual-caffeine-supplementation-and-its-effects-on-physical-performance-measures-in-highly-fit-united-states-military-personnel\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijrep.org\/sublingual-caffeine-supplementation-and-its-effects-on-physical-performance-measures-in-highly-fit-united-states-military-personnel\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Eberly\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijrep.org\/#\/schema\/person\/16bcd9f82c3d688b985bb85f100c29bc\"},\"headline\":\"Sublingual Caffeine Supplementation and Its Effects on Physical Performance Measures in Highly Fit United States Military Personnel\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-08-17T19:12:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-08-17T19:12:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijrep.org\/sublingual-caffeine-supplementation-and-its-effects-on-physical-performance-measures-in-highly-fit-united-states-military-personnel\/\"},\"wordCount\":378,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijrep.org\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Caffeine\",\"exercise\",\"fatigue\",\"Performance\",\"Sleep deprivation\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Volume 17 Number 2 Spring 2022\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ijrep.org\/sublingual-caffeine-supplementation-and-its-effects-on-physical-performance-measures-in-highly-fit-united-states-military-personnel\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijrep.org\/sublingual-caffeine-supplementation-and-its-effects-on-physical-performance-measures-in-highly-fit-united-states-military-personnel\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijrep.org\/sublingual-caffeine-supplementation-and-its-effects-on-physical-performance-measures-in-highly-fit-united-states-military-personnel\/\",\"name\":\"Sublingual Caffeine Supplementation and Its Effects on Physical Performance Measures in Highly Fit United States Military Personnel - IJREP - International Journal of Research in Exercise Physiology\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijrep.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-08-17T19:12:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-08-17T19:12:58+00:00\",\"description\":\"Caffeine\u00a0is a common natural stimulant used to combat sleep deprivation and sustain performance in military personnel operating in extreme environments for extended periods. 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